jeudi 5 juin 2014
samedi 1 mars 2014
Practical Works report for calculating the density of grains solide.3éme year Genie Civil.module MDS 1
INTRODUCTION
The density is an important physical characteristic of the soil. To determine the forces exerted by soil, we must determine the density of the solid grains. This density is used as a control parameter.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this test is to determine the density of a solid ground to characterize the soil grains to predict its behavior.
EQUIPMENT
Ø Vial Gas, one liter capacity, with rubber stopper and glass lid.
Ø agitator turning, allowing the agitation of the sample.
Ø Balance, 5kg capacity, with an accuracy of 0.2kg.
Ø Thermometer.
TEST METHOD
o Sample Selection
o Preparation of the vial gas
o Weighing
o Adding water and agitation
o Filling the flask with water and introduction of the cover glass
o Weighing of the flask with the sample water and the lid
o weighing vial and water
The density of solid grains of sand is equal to the average of the two values found for the two tests, such as: Gs = (0.39+0.47)/2 = 0.43
CALCULATED
The density of solid grains, Gs, soil particles for each determination is calculated from equation (1).
m1 = mass of the vial and cap, m2 = weight of the flask and dry ground cover; m3 = mass of the vial, the cover soil and water mass of the vial filled with water, and lid.
m1 = mass of the vial and cap, m2 = weight of the flask and dry ground cover; m3 = mass of the vial, the cover soil and water mass of the vial filled with water, and lid.
G s= m2-m1/(m4-m1)-(m3-m2) (1)
RESULTS
The average of the two values is calculated Gs. In our experimental study tests density solid grains, on a type of sand, and the results are shown in the table below.
test
|
m1(kg)
|
m2(kg)
|
m3(kg)
|
m4(kg)
|
Gs
|
1
|
0.5875
|
0.9875
|
1.305
|
1.9205
|
0.39
|
2
|
0.5835
|
0.9835
|
1.450
|
1.9090
|
0.47
|
The density of solid grains of sand is equal to the average of the two values found for the two tests, such as: Gs = (0.39+0.47)/2 = 0.43
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the density of solids of our sand grains, we can remember that our sand at a lower density than the reference sand which is equal to 2.65 in almost everyone.
A report on TP manomètre.3éme year civil.module Hydraulic Engineering
NTRODUCTION
A pressure gauge is a device for measuring the pressure of a fluid placed in a closed space. There are several methods for determining a pressure in the order of magnitude of the latter.
PURPOSE OF THE HANDLING
The main purpose of this manipulation is the calibration of a gauge metal spring with a hydraulic press to calibrate
DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIMENT INSTALLATION
NOMENCLATURE
DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIMENT INSTALLATION
NOMENCLATURE
designation
|
units
|
notation
|
Type
|
Mass of piston
|
Kg
|
MP
|
given
|
Diameter of piston
|
m
|
d
|
given
|
Piston surface
|
m²
|
A
|
A=
|
Mass of weight
|
Kg
|
MW
|
given
|
total mass
|
Kg
|
M=MW+MP
|
calculated
|
Reading of the pressure gauge
|
kN/m²
|
G
|
read
|
Cylinder pressure
|
kN/m²
|
P
|
P=
|
Absolute error of pressure
|
kN/m²
|
G-P
|
calculated
|
% Error in pressure
|
%
|
%
|
calculated
|
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE CALIBRATION
-Let's put kPa gauge scale in terms of horizontal working
-'s Patch came the spring tube manometer
-Let's remove the piston and determine its mass and its additional masses
Let's fill-cylinder press water
-Us eliminate air bubbles circuit
-Shut the isolation valve on the side of the gauge reaches
Introduce the piston-and give a rotational movement to minimize friction
During rotation, the piston include manometer reading for different masses
-'s Patch came the spring tube manometer
-Let's remove the piston and determine its mass and its additional masses
Let's fill-cylinder press water
-Us eliminate air bubbles circuit
-Shut the isolation valve on the side of the gauge reaches
Introduce the piston-and give a rotational movement to minimize friction
During rotation, the piston include manometer reading for different masses
Data calculations
Piston area A = 0.0002452 m²
Piston diameter d = 0.01767 m²; piston mass m = 0.5 kg, g = 9.81
Results of calculations
Piston diameter d = 0.01767 m²; piston mass m = 0.5 kg, g = 9.81
Results of calculations
Piston mass
Mp
kg
|
Diameter piston
d
m
|
Piston surface
A
m2
|
Mass of weight
Mw
kg
|
total mass
M
kg
|
pressure gauge
G
KN/m2
|
cylinder pressure
P
KN/m2
|
absolute error
Error
KN/m2
|
%
error manometer
|
0.5
|
0.07167
|
2.452 *10-4
|
0
|
0.5
|
20
|
20.004
|
0.004
|
0.01
|
0.5
|
0.07167
|
2.452 *10-4
|
0.5
|
1
|
40
|
40.008
|
0.008
|
0.01
|
0.5
|
0.07167
|
2.452 *10-4
|
1
|
1.5
|
58
|
60.012
|
2.012
|
3.35
|
0.5
|
0.07167
|
2.452 *10-4
|
1.5
|
2
|
78
|
80.01
|
2.01
|
2.51
|
0.5
|
0.07167
|
2.452 *10-4
|
2
|
2.5
|
98
|
100.02
|
2.02
|
2.02
|
0.5
|
0.07167
|
2.452 *10-4
|
2.5
|
3
|
118
|
120.02
|
2.02
|
1.68
|
0.5
|
0.07167
|
2.452 *10-4
|
3
|
3.5
|
135
|
140.028
|
5.028
|
3.59
|
0.5
|
0.07167
|
2.452 *10-4
|
3.5
|
4
|
154
|
160.032
|
6.032
|
3.77
|
0.5
|
0.07167
|
2.452 *10-4
|
4
|
4.5
|
170
|
180.036
|
10.036
|
5.77
|
0.5
|
0.07167
|
2.452 *10-4
|
4.5
|
5
|
180
|
200.040
|
20.04
|
10.01
|
0.5
|
0.07167
|
2.452 *10-4
|
5
|
5.5
|
200
|
220.044
|
20.044
|
9.11
|
-Comparison of the pressure gauge and cylindrical:
The pressure increased with the masses added. While for the cylindrical pressure, we almost the same values at the beginning and there is a variation to the end.
Relative and absolute-error
-error curves based on the level calculated for each pressure measurement
According to our results, the accuracy of the device is about right. For that, according to the values given by the device and the calculated values are approximate.
According to our results, the accuracy of the device is about right. For that, according to the values given by the device and the calculated values are approximate.
Conclusion
In short, the study of our construction allows us to determine the actual pressure on a fluid and compared with the values given by the manometric apparatus. According to perform the work requested, we found in our table above that the values found are close to those given by the gauge
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