samedi 1 mars 2014

Practical Works report for calculating the density of grains solide.3éme year Genie Civil.module MDS 1

INTRODUCTION
The density is an important physical characteristic of the soil. To determine the forces exerted by soil, we must determine the density of the solid grains. This density is used as a control parameter. 
PURPOSE 
The purpose of this test is to determine the density of a solid ground to characterize the soil grains to predict its behavior.
EQUIPMENT
Ø Vial Gas, one liter capacity, with rubber stopper and glass lid. 
Ø agitator turning, allowing the agitation of the sample. 
Ø Balance, 5kg capacity, with an accuracy of 0.2kg. 
Ø  Thermometer.
TEST METHOD 
o   Sample Selection 
o   Preparation of the vial gas 
o   Weighing  
o   Adding water and agitation
o   Filling the flask with water and introduction of the cover glass
o   Weighing of the flask with the sample water and the lid 
o   weighing vial and water
CALCULATED

 The density of solid grains, Gs, soil particles for each determination is calculated from equation (1). 
m1 = mass of the vial and cap, m2 = weight of the flask and dry ground cover; m3 = mass of the vial, the cover soil and water mass of the vial filled with water, and lid.




G s= m2-m1/(m4-m1)-(m3-m2)                   (1)
RESULTS 

 The average of the two values ​​is calculated Gs. In our experimental study tests density solid grains, on a type of sand, and the results are shown in the table below.
test
m1(kg)
m2(kg)
m3(kg)
m4(kg)
Gs
1
0.5875
0.9875
1.305
1.9205
0.39
2
0.5835
0.9835
1.450
1.9090
0.47

 The density of solid grains of sand is equal to the average of the two values ​​found for the two tests, such as: Gs = (0.39+0.47)/2 = 0.43
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the density of solids of our sand grains, we can remember that our sand at a lower density than the reference sand which is equal to 2.65 in almost everyone.
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A report on TP manomètre.3éme year civil.module Hydraulic Engineering

NTRODUCTION
A pressure gauge is a device for measuring the pressure of a fluid placed in a closed space. There are several methods for determining a pressure in the order of magnitude of the latter.

PURPOSE OF THE HANDLING 
The main purpose of this manipulation is the calibration of a gauge metal spring with a hydraulic press to calibrate
DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIMENT INSTALLATION

NOMENCLATURE
designation
units
notation
Type
Mass of piston
Kg
MP
given
Diameter of piston
m
d
given
Piston surface
m²
A
A=
Mass of weight
Kg
MW
given
total mass
Kg
M=MW+MP
calculated
Reading of the pressure gauge
kN/m²
G
read
Cylinder pressure
kN/m²
P
P=
Absolute error of pressure
kN/m²
G-P
calculated
% Error in pressure
%
%
calculated
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE CALIBRATION 
-Let's put kPa gauge scale in terms of horizontal working 
-'s Patch came the spring tube manometer 
-Let's remove the piston and determine its mass and its additional masses 
Let's fill-cylinder press water 
-Us eliminate air bubbles circuit 
-Shut the isolation valve on the side of the gauge reaches 
Introduce the piston-and give a rotational movement to minimize friction 
During rotation, the piston include manometer reading for different masses 
Data calculations 
Piston area A = 0.0002452 m² 
Piston diameter d = 0.01767 m²; piston mass m = 0.5 kg, g = 9.81
    Results of calculations
Piston mass
Mp
kg
Diameter piston
d
m
Piston surface
A
m2
Mass of weight
Mw
kg
total mass
M
kg
pressure gauge
G
KN/m2
cylinder pressure
P
KN/m2
absolute error
Error
KN/m2
%
error manometer
0.5
0.07167
2.452 *10-4
0
0.5
20   
20.004
0.004
0.01
0.5
0.07167
2.452 *10-4
0.5
1
40
40.008
0.008
0.01
0.5
0.07167
2.452 *10-4
1
1.5
58
60.012
2.012
3.35
0.5
0.07167
2.452 *10-4
1.5
2
78
80.01
2.01
2.51
0.5
0.07167
2.452 *10-4
2
2.5
98
100.02
2.02
2.02
0.5
0.07167
2.452 *10-4
2.5
3
118
120.02
2.02
1.68
0.5
0.07167
2.452 *10-4
3
3.5
135
140.028
5.028
3.59
0.5
0.07167
2.452 *10-4
3.5
4
154
160.032
6.032
3.77
0.5
0.07167
2.452 *10-4
4
4.5
170
180.036
10.036
5.77
0.5
0.07167
2.452 *10-4
4.5
5
180
200.040
20.04
10.01
0.5
0.07167
2.452 *10-4
5
5.5
200
220.044
20.044
9.11
-Comparison of the pressure gauge and cylindrical: 
The pressure increased with the masses added. While for the cylindrical pressure, we almost the same values ​​at the beginning and there is a variation to the end. 
Relative and absolute-error (see table).
-error curves based on the level calculated for each pressure measurement

According to our results, the accuracy of the device is about right. For that, according to the values ​​given by the device and the calculated values ​​are approximate.
Conclusion
In short, the study of our construction allows us to determine the actual pressure on a fluid and compared with the values ​​given by the manometric apparatus. According to perform the work requested, we found in our table above that the values ​​found are close to those given by the gauge

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